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PHILEDELPHIA KROMOZOMU

"
Medicine and Hematology Glossary

PHILEDELPHIA KROMOZOMU (Noun)

(Medicine and Hematology Glossary) :
Kazanılmış (akkiz) bir kromozom bozukluğudur. 9.kromozomdaki c-abl proto-onkogeninin 22. kromozomdaki BCR geni karşılıklı olarak yer değiştirmesiyle (translokasyon) oluşur. Translokasyon işlemi kısaca t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.21) olarak gösterilir. 9.kromozomun uzun kolunda q 34 bandında bulunan c-abl proto-onkogeni 22. kromozomda bcr (breakpoint cluster region) adı verilen bölgeye yerleşir. c-abl kopma noktası (breakpoint) çok büyük bir intronun (200kb) 1b ve 1a exonları arasından olur (1a ve 2 exonlarında da olabilir). Dolayısıyla c-abl'nin tamama yakını translokasyona uğrar. Bunun aksine BCR geninin kopma noktası BCR geninde bcr (breakpoint cluster region) adı verilen 5.8kb'lik oldukça küçük bir bölgede gerçekleşir. 9. kromozomdaki c-abl'nin 22. kromozoma taşınması sonucu oluşan Philedelphia kromozomunda BCR/ABL adı verilen yeni bir hybrid genetik materyal oluşur. BCR/ABL geni 21 kd bir proteini kodlar. Bu proteinin tyrozin kinaz aktivitesi vardır. Translokasyon sırasında c-abl proto-onkogeni yapısal değişikliğe uğrar ve onkogenik forma geçer. Philedelphia kromozomu KML için spesifik değildir ve erişkin ALL olgularının da % 20'sinde çocuk ALL olgularının % 10'unda ve AML olgularının da % 5'inde saptanabilir.
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